food

Food in the 20th century

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  The pavlova - that frothy, baked confection of egg whites and sugar - has long been seen as an icon of New Zealand cuisine; its place of origin has been debated with Australians for just as long in one of the many instances of trans-Tasman rivalry.

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• Page 2 – Dining out

  Before the 1960s, New Zealanders had a limited choice both of venue and of food if they wanted to dine out.

• Page 3 – Seafood consumption

  New Zealand is an island nation. Its inland and coastal waters support fish and shellfish in abundance.

• Page 4 – Tea and coffee break

  Tea was a 'great mainstay' of 'thirsty colonial New Zealand', the food historian Tony Simpson claims.

• Page 5 – Fruit and vegetables

  A house and garden on a patch of land were part of the 'New Zealand dream' for most of the twentieth century.

Wellington cafe culture

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  Café culture has become integral to Wellington's identity. This culture began in the 1930s with the emergence of the milk bar, followed by coffee houses in the 1950s. After a period of decline in the 1960s and 70s, the city's café scene has grown in spectacular fashion over the last 20 years.

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• Page 2 – Overview

  Wellington city centre is renowned for its flourishing café scene and the culture it inhabits. But it was nearly 1950 before there was much sign of the sparkling capital

• Page 3 – Immigration and Society

  The rise of coffee houses in the 1940s, 50s and 60s was not a phenomenon confined to Wellington, or indeed to New Zealand. The connection between the history of cafe

• Page 4 – Design and technology

  New construction materials and equipment fashioned the cafe culture rising in the 1950s. Wellingtonians were introduced to the espresso machines as European styled cafes

• Page 5 – Music and cafe culture

  Entertainment generally and music in particular have always been a part of the Wellington cafe scene.

• Page 6 – Personalities

  New Zealand in the 1940s and 1950s has been described as a drab and uniform place. From the late 1950s, however, a café culture was established throughout the country

• Page 7 – Further information

  Sources on Wellington cafe culture.

Christmas in New Zealand

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  Christmas in New Zealand is less about snow and sleigh bells and more about sun, sand and backyard barbecues. Over the holiday season we explore the Kiwi Christmas experience –
  from Abel Tasman’s first New Zealand Christmas in 1642 to the declining
  reign of the Queen’s message

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• Page 1 - Kiwi ChristmasChristmas in New Zealand is less about snow and sleigh bells and more about sun, sand and backyard barbecues. Over the holiday season we explore the Kiwi Christmas experience –

School of Radiant Living

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  The School of Radiant Living was a movement active in New Zealand from the late 1930s until the late 1980s. Founder Dr Herbert Sutcliffe taught a holistic philosophy of physical, psychological and spiritual health.

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• Page 8 – The eliminating diet

  To obtain physical fitness, it is of vital importance that the right mental attitude should accompany the food diet to enable the emotions, nerves and glands to co-operate

• Page 9 – Salad recipes

  Colour, beauty, exquisite artistry find joyous expression in the Art of Salad Making. The homemaker who serves salads so deliciously and artistically tempting that the

The North Island main trunk line

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  All aboard! The North Island main trunk railway was 100 years old in 2008. Take a trip back in time to explore the epic story of its construction, the heyday of the steam passenger train and the place of the iconic railway refreshment room in New Zealand life.

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• Page 5 - RefreshmentsRefreshments are an essential and often talked about part of any train

Life in the 20th century

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  Exploration of everyday life in New Zealand from 1900 to the mid-1980s

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• Page 7 - A land of plentyTypical New Zealand meals (particularly in the country) until at least the 1970s featured hearty morning and afternoon teas of homemade scones, biscuits and cakes; rich dinners of

Prisoners of War

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  During the Second World War New Zealanders became prisoners of war in large numbers. Most Kiwi POWs were soldiers captured in Greece, Crete and North Africa. In total, more than 8000 were held in captivity - one in 200 of New Zealand's population at the time.

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• Page 7 - Camp cookersA reprint of an article written by John Frizell (ex-POW) about the ovens used in POW camps during the Second World

The Gallipoli campaign

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  Each year on Anzac Day, New Zealanders (and Australians) mark the anniversary of the Gallipoli landings of 25 April 1915. On that day, thousands of young men, far from their homes, stormed the beaches on the Gallipoli Peninsula in what is now Turkey.

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• Page 7 - Soldiers' experienceLife for the New Zealand soldier on Gallipoli was tough. They struggled with the harsh environment, living and fighting amongst the deep ravines and high cliffs that towered above

Passchendaele: fighting for Belgium

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  Ever since 1917 Passchendaele has been a byword for the horror of the First World War. The assault on this tiny Belgian village cost the lives of thousands of New Zealand soldiers. But its impact reached far beyond the battlefield, leaving deep scars on many New Zealand communities and families.

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• Page 6 - Life in the trenchesThe daily tasks of life went on despite the hellish conditions of the Western Front

Hospital ships

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  The Maheno and Marama were the poster ships of New Zealand's First World War effort. Until 1915 these steamers had carried passengers on the Tasman route. But as casualties mounted at Gallipoli, the government - helped by a massive public fundraising campaign - converted them into state-of-the-art floating hospitals.

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• Page 4 - Civilians at GallipoliThe Maheno arrived in the Mediterranean in time for the Allies’ bloody late August 1915 offensives to find that not much had improved since the April