missionaries

Exploring New Zealand's interior

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  After charting the coastline, European surveying and exploration of the interior were a fundamental part of the settlement process, defining the boundaries of ownership and identifying resources, useable land and access routes.

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• Page 1 - Exploring New Zealand's interior After charting the coastline, European surveying and exploration of the interior were a fundamental part of the settlement process, defining the boundaries of ownership and

Missionaries

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  The Christian missionaries of the pre-1840s have been described as the 'agents of virtue in a world of vice', although they were not immune to moral blemish themselves.

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• Page 2 – Establishing the Church Missionary Society

  Samuel Marsden was a key figure in the establishment of the first Christian mission in New Zealand.

• Page 3 – Men of vice or virtue?

  Thomas Kendall established the first mission school, but he was later suspended after admitting an adulterous affair with a Maori woman.

• Page 4 – Fixing God's house

  Henry Williams, who had been ordained a priest in 1822 'for the cure of souls in his majesty's foreign possessions', inherited a mission beset by problems.

• Page 5 – Wesleyans and Catholics

  How Maori responded to the arrival of Wesleyan and Catholic missionaries in the Bay of Islands

• Page 6 – Printing the word of God

  From the mid-1830s the printed word became a new weapon in the campaign to bring Christianity to Maori.

• Page 7 – Further information

  Publications and links with information about pre-1840 missionaries

Pai Marire

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  Pai Marire (goodness and peace) was one of several Maori Christian faiths to emerge in the 19th century. Like many others, it was closely tied to issues of land and politics.

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• Page 3 – The death of Carl Völkner

  The ritual killing by Pai Mārire followers of missionary Carl Völkner in 1865 shocked many people. The government used the event as a reason to take harsh action against Pai

A frontier of chaos?

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  In the years before the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, relations between Māori and Europeans were marred by a number of high-profile incidents.

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• Page 5 – Captain Stewart and the Elizabeth

  In 1830 Captain William Stewart of the brig Elizabeth made an arrangement with the Ngāti Toa leader Te Rauparaha to ferry a taua (war party) of 100 warriors from his base on

Taming the frontier

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  In 1832 James Busby was appointed as the official British Resident to New Zealand. After arriving in the Bay of Islands in May 1833 he took steps to tame what he saw as a chaotic frontier society.

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• Page 5 – Land issues on the eve of the Treaty of Waitangi

  In the late 1830s the British government became concerned about how land was being obtained from Māori. Action was needed, it decided, to protect Māori from the worst ravages

The death penalty

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  The first execution in New Zealand was that of a young Maori named Maketu, convicted at Auckland in 1842. Walter Bolton became the last to be executed when he was hanged at Mount Eden prison in 1957. In total there were 83 verified executions for murder and one for treason in New Zealand between these dates.

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• Page 2 - The first executionOn 7 March 1842 Maketu Wharetotara, the 17-year-old son of the Ngāpuhi chief Ruhe of Waimate, became the first person to be legally executed in New