Parliament in Te Reo
Page from the 1881 Maori language version of Hansard, the official parliamentary record.
Te reo — the Maori language — came into Parliament with the first Maori MPs, elected in 1868. But speaking in Maori has been a vexed issue both for those who spoke the language, and those who could not. Early Maori MPs had little English, some Maori MPs preferred to speak in Maori, and some wanted to make a point by doing so; one MP, Tapihana Paraire ('Dobbie') Paikea, spoke in Maori as a way to send messages home to his wife who was listening on the radio.
Providing interpreters was one answer. There were three by the 1880s who were kept more than busy: translating the Maori members' speeches in the chamber, translating hundreds of petitions from Maori and all bills and parliamentary papers into Maori, attending the Native Affairs and other committees, and acting as interpreter when Pakeha members dealt with Maori. The job was tough, especially when the MPs used colourful language and the interpreters had to try to soften the words in the English version. One Maori MP refused to have his words changed, so he repeated the offending words several times and then knocked the interpreter over the adjacent seat.
Things came to a head in 1913 when Apirana Ngata (initially as a joke) spoke in Maori without an interpreter present to obstruct business. Maui Pomare told him not to be silly and Prime Minister Massey said that Maori who were fluent in English should be compelled to use it in the House. The Speaker ruled that Ngata had the right to ask for an interpreter but not to speak in Maori in the absence of an interpreter.
Te reo became more of an issue when Maori MPs associated with the Ratana movement were elected in the 1930s and wanted to speak in Maori; they were allowed to, provided it was brief and they gave an immediate translation.
Parliament eventually made Maori an official language in 1985, and MPs could speak in English or Maori. In 1990 Koro Wetere caused an uproar by replying to questions in the House in Maori and refusing to supply an immediate translation. The greater use of Maori at formal occasions through the 1990s increased the need for a translation service, and from 1997, for the first time in many decades, an interpreter has been made available.
Hear Clerk of the House T.D.H. Hall talk about Maori MPs using te reo in the House (143k, mp3). Transcript and further information.