NZHistory, New Zealand history online - biography

Kiwi stories - The Battle of Britain

Find out more about some of the New Zealand airmen and other personalities involved in the Battle of Britain between July and October 1940. The military ranks shown below are those held by the men at the time of the battle. Each biography links to a page with further information.

Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park

15 June 1892 - 6 February 1975

Keith Rodney Park was a decorated First World War fighter pilot who carved out a prestigious career in the Royal Air Force (RAF). He played a pivotal role in the defence of London and southeast England during the Battle of Britain. More...

Flight Lieutenant Wilfrid Clouston

15 January 1916 - 24 May 1980

Wilfrid Greville Clouston was one of the first New Zealand air aces of the Second World War. He survived the Battle of Britain only to spend the majority of the war in a Japanese prisoner of war camp. More...

Flight Lieutenant Alan Deere

12 December 1917 - 21 September 1995

Alan Christopher Deere is possibly New Zealand’s most famous Second World War fighter pilot. He was also one of the luckiest, surviving several near-death experiences to become one of the outstanding pilots of the Battle of Britain. More...

Pilot Officer Michael Herrick

5 May 1921 - 16 June 1944

Michael James Herrick was one of five brothers to serve during the Second World War (three of whom died flying in the RAF). He flew with distinction during the Battle of Britain and in the Pacific before being killed on air operations over Denmark. More...

Archibald McIndoe

4 May 1900 - 12 April 1960

Archibald Hector McIndoe was a New Zealand-born surgeon whose pioneering treatment of burns victims during the Second World War revolutionised the field of plastic surgery. More...

See also a biography of Colin Gray on the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography website.

A full and definitive list of New Zealanders awarded the Battle of Britain Clasp can be downloaded here (pdf). This list was compiled with the assistance of Errol Martyn.

Honouring Edmund Hillary

Order of New Zealand members, 1990

In 1987 Ed Hillary was among the first 20 people selected as members of the Order of New Zealand (ONZ), this country’s highest honour. In 1995 he was appointed to Britain’s oldest and highest order of chivalry, being made Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG). This order, founded in 1348, is limited to 26 living people (including the Queen and the Prince of Wales). Hillary's appointment was unique as he was the first non-Briton to be appointed KG for other than viceregal or political achievements.

In 1990 Hillary was one of four New Zealanders – and the only living person – selected to appear on the nation’s new banknotes. His weather-beaten smiling face is instantly recognisable on the $5 note, alongside images of Aoraki/Mt Cook and a Ferguson tractor.

He has also been commemorated in the names of various schools and organisations, including Sir Edmund Hillary Collegiate (Otara), the Sir Edmund Hillary Outdoor Pursuits Centre (Tongariro National Park) and the Hillary Commission (now SPARC). The street outside the New Zealand High Commission in New Delhi was named in his honour. Other awards ranged from a medal produced by the Kathmandu Taxi Drivers’ Association to the Hubbard Medal of the United States National Geographical Society and the Commander’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

The 50th anniversary of the Everest climb in 2003 brought further recognition, including honorary citizenship of Nepal, conferred at a special ceremony in Kathmandu, and the unveiling of a bronze statue outside The Hermitage, Mt Cook. More than 50,000 people in Auckland and 80,000 in America viewed a museum exhibition on Hillary’s life.

Edmund Hillary obituary on One News

Hillary visited Scott Base, Antarctica, in 2004 and again in January 2007. On the latter occasion, despite frail health, he travelled with a delegation that included Prime Minister Helen Clark to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the base.

In 2008 New Zealand Post issued a Sir Edmund Hillary commemorative five-stamp series to honour his 'status and achievements as a New Zealand hero'.

Despite his remarkable achievements as a mountaineer, adventurer, diplomat and philanthropist, Ed Hillary is perhaps best remembered for his humility and generosity. His own assessment of his life on his 85th birthday was typically modest: ‘What a fortunate person I have been!’

The end of the 'big mountain days' - Ed Hillary

Edmund Hillary visiting the Himilayas (stamp)

Through the 1960s and 1970s Ed Hillary’s life followed a familiar pattern of international travel, lecture tours and fund-raising for Sherpa projects, interspersed with expeditions in the Himalayas, Pacific, Antarctica and New Zealand. Sadly, there was also wrenching personal loss. On 31 March 1975, his wife, Louise, and youngest daughter, Belinda, were en route to Phaphlu, where Ed was helping build a hospital, when their small plane crashed on take-off at Kathmandu. Their deaths were a shattering blow.

In 1977, emerging from several years of despair, Hillary led Ocean to the Sky, an expedition to the source of India’s sacred Ganges River. Ed, his son, Peter, Graeme Dingle and others used New Zealand-made Hamilton jet boats to travel from the mouth of the river high up into the Himalayas through deep gorges and thunderous rapids. The party’s subsequent climb to an unnamed peak, which they called Akash Parbat (Sky Peak), was achieved without Ed, who succumbed to altitude sickness and was evacuated with great difficulty.

Another bout of altitude sickness in 1981, during an attempt on the then unclimbed east face of Everest, forced Ed to accept that his ‘big mountain days were over’. His son, Peter, meanwhile, became an accomplished climber in his own right, taking part in numerous alpine and Antarctic expeditions; in 1990 (and again in 2003) he followed in his father’s footsteps by reaching the summit of Everest.

Tragedy struck again in 1979, when Hillary’s close friend Peter Mulgrew – a member of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1957–58 – was killed in the Erebus disaster. Both men had provided in-flight commentary on Air New Zealand’s popular sightseeing flights to Antarctica, which began in 1977. On 28 November 1979 Mulgrew was making his fourth flight over the ice when TE901 crashed into Mt Erebus, killing all 257 passengers and crew.

In the mid-1980s Hillary’s long association with the Indian subcontinent led to a new adventure. When the newly elected Labour government decided to reopen New Zealand’s High Commission in India, Prime Minister David Lange convinced Hillary to become High Commissioner (and Ambassador to Nepal). He arrived in New Delhi in February 1985, accompanied by June Mulgrew (Peter’s widow), with whom he had grown close. A household name in India, Hillary was an inspired choice. Despite his diplomatic duties, he still found time for the odd adventure, including a 1985 ski-plane trip to the North Pole with the former United States astronaut Neil Armstrong. He also attended Tenzing Norgay's funeral in 1986. Following their return to New Zealand in July 1989, Ed and June married in Auckland on 30 November.

The early years - Ed Hillary

Edmund Percival Hillary was born in Auckland on 20 July 1919, the son of Percival and Gertrude Hillary (née Clark). His mother was a teacher; his father published a Dargaville newspaper, the North Auckland Times. Ed had an older sister, June, and a younger brother, Rex. The family moved to South Auckland in 1920 when Percy, who had served at Gallipoli during the First World War, was allocated land near Tuakau. Percy used returned servicemen’s assistance to train as a bee-keeper, and he also established a weekly newspaper, the Tuakau District News.

The paddocks, hills and tidal creeks of Tuakau were fields of dreams for a young adventurer. Ed was soon reading the ripping yarns of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Rider Haggard and Zane Grey, and enjoying Saturday Westerns at the war memorial hall. He attended Tuakau Primary School and then Auckland Grammar, to which he commuted by daily train for more than three years. Ed was small and shy but gained confidence once boxing lessons enabled him to hold his own at school. Aged 16, he got his first taste of snow on a school trip to Mt Ruapehu. The same year the family moved to Auckland, and Percy founded a monthly magazine for bee-keepers, New Zealand Honeybee.

Ed studied mathematics and science at Auckland University College. He loved tramping much more than studying, and after two years he joined Rex to help his father with bee-keeping. In 1939 he climbed his first peak, Mt Ollivier, near Mt Cook. The family became followers of Herbert Sutcliffe, the founder of a liberal Christian philosophy of physical, psychological and spiritual health, Radiant Living. Though he eventually lost interest, his involvement with Radiant Living gave young Ed confidence in public speaking and widened his intellectual horizons.

Ed Hillary during the Second World War

Pacifism was one of Sutcliffe’s key teachings. When the Second World War broke out Ed initially gained exemption from conscription because bee-keeping was a reserved occupation, but Rex spent four years in a detention camp as a conscientious objector. Ed eventually persuaded his father that he should be released for war service, and in 1944 he was called up for the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Training in Marlborough brought more challenging climbing opportunities. His posting to Fiji and the Solomon Islands as a flying boat navigator ended abruptly when he was severely burnt in a motor boat accident. He convalesced in the Southern Alps, finding a mentor in Harry Ayres, New Zealand’s outstanding climber of the period.

On top of the world: Ed Hillary

Ed Hillary

‘He took Everest by foot; the world by storm; the South Pole by Massey Ferguson’, proclaimed banners advertising a 2002–03 museum exhibition on the life of Sir Edmund Hillary (1919–2008). The legendary mountaineer, adventurer and philanthropist – whose familiar, craggy face beams out from the $5 note – is the best-known New Zealander ever to have lived. His 1953 ascent of Mt Everest, the planet’s highest peak, with Sherpa Tenzing Norgay brought him worldwide fame – literally overnight. Dozens of daring adventures followed, including the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1957–58 and a 1977 jet-boat journey up the Ganges River. International lecture tours, books and television documentaries cemented Hillary’s status as a global celebrity.

Of greater significance, perhaps, was his humanitarian contribution to the Sherpa people of the Himalayas. For decades from the 1960s Hillary and supporters raised funds and built schools, hospitals and other facilities in the mountains. He also enjoyed a successful spell as New Zealand’s High Commissioner to India in the 1980s. Despite his remarkable achievements, and moments of personal tragedy, Ed Hillary is also remembered for his humility and generosity. The quiet Auckland bee-keeper who had stood on ‘the roof of the world’, as well as the North and South poles, seemed to be the quintessential down-to-earth Kiwi.

Sir Edmund Hillary died in Auckland on 11 January 2008, aged 88. He was farewelled at a state funeral – a rare honour for a private citizen – on 22 January. On 29 February, in accordance with his wishes, his ashes were scattered on the Hauraki Gulf by his wife, Lady Hillary, and children Peter and Sarah. On 2 April Queen Elizabeth II hosted a special memorial service for Hillary at Windsor Castle, near London.

Gallipoli biographies

Some people who served at Gallipoli

The link under a name goes to the person's full biography

Charles Mackie Begg (1879–1919): Field Ambulance supervisor

On 17 April 1915 Charles Begg, a qualified doctor and Field Ambulance superviser, embarked for Gallipoli from Alexandria. When the Anzacs landed on 25 April, casualties were unexpectedly heavy. Begg sent his bearer sections ashore while his surgical teams provided treatment on various ships. These were quickly filled by casualties ferried on barges, and many did not get the surgery they needed. On 28 April Begg dug in a dressing station on the beach. Surgery began immediately and continued through incessant shelling and small-arms fire until 27 June, when a Turkish shell destroyed the station and wounded Begg. Nevertheless, he took his depleted unit along the beach to start up again under Walker's Ridge. Between 25 April and 5 August the dressing station treated over 15,000 wounded Anzacs.

On 7 August 1915 the New Zealanders suffered grievous losses during their attack on Chunuk Bair, and the understaffed Field Ambulances could not handle the casualties. On 9 August Colonel Neville Manders, assistant director of medical services of the New Zealand and Australian Division, was shot, and Begg took his place. By this time there was a breakdown in the collection and evacuation of the wounded, and hundreds were lying unprotected on the beach. When Begg made a direct approach to Generals Alexander Godley and F.C. Shaw, infantry units arrived to help the bearers, and the navy resumed its barge transport. By 13 August the beach had been cleared. A few days later Begg was taken to a hospital ship for treatment of paratyphoid fever and was transported to the No. 1 General Hospital, Camberwell, England. After a short convalescence, he returned to Gallipoli at the beginning of November. As winter approached, he helped to plan the successful withdrawal of troops from the peninsula. General I.S.M. Hamilton mentioned Begg in dispatches on 26 August 1915, and he was appointed a CMG on 8 November 1915.

George Wallace Bollinger (1890–1917): soldier

The diary that Bollinger kept from the time he left Wellington on 16 October 1914 documents superbly the experiences and shifting attitudes of a New Zealand soldier during the Gallipoli campaign. At first there is unqualified enthusiasm for battle, expressed in his desire for a 'brush-up' with the 'niggers' of Cairo and his excitement at departing for the Dardanelles. But when he lands on the Gallipoli Peninsula in the early morning of 26 April 1915 and faces the smells, flies and the constant presence of death on a Turkish hillside, Bollinger's attitude changes. He is openly joyful to be relieved from the trenches at Cape Helles in early May, and he comments that the heroic images of war in the New Zealand newspapers serve to conceal the ghastly reality. When he returns to the peninsula in mid-August, after a month recovering from gastritis in Egypt, he is 'very quiet', and by the time he is evacuated to Moúdhros Bay on 15 September, he has become bitter about mismanagement and the betrayal of his mates' self-sacrifice.

Back in New Zealand the following year, Bollinger, whose father was Bavarian, was investigated by the Defence Department following complaints from anti-German campaigners.

Read an extract from Bollinger's Gallipoli diary

Evelyn Gertrude Brooke (1879–1962): nurse

Evelyn Brooke was appointed matron on the hospital ship Maheno, which embarked for Turkey in July 1915. As a hospital ship matron, she was responsible for all nursing arrangements. Much of the work was carried out by male orderlies, who were trained by Brooke but were under the command of a non-commissioned officer (the ward master). It was thus necessary for everyone to be tactful and generous, but, from the first, disputes arose over rank. Nurses were commissioned officers, but many male officers refused to recognise this, and the women were 'subjected to a great deal of unpleasantness'.

Seasickness devastated many of Brooke's staff, and the horrors of war could not be avoided: during August and September 1915 the Maheno made five visits to Anzac Cove at Gallipoli. In extreme heat, while bullets raked the decks, the nurses worked with the 'poor, torn, mangled fellows' amid the 'horrible sickly odour' of dysentery, disease and decay.

Brooke returned to New Zealand in January 1916 to be matron of the military hospital at Trentham.

Alexander John Godley (1867–1957): military commander

Major General Godley commanded the 1 New Zealand Expeditionary Force during the First World War. At Gallipoli he was in charge of the New Zealand and Australian Division that landed on 25 April 1915. Like many senior officers of the time, he had difficulty coming to terms with the conditions of modern warfare and also the situation on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Godley and his troops were harshly tested in the campaign. If the men came out with a better reputation than Godley, it was at least partly because their courage was supplemented by his training. Godley himself, however, appears not to have allowed for the steep, rugged ground and the need to reconnoitre it closely, the very poor communications, the losses of some of his most competent officers, and the debility of the troops after time spent on the peninsula. Neither should Godley later have claimed the troops were adequately fed; the food was appalling.

The New Zealand minister of defence, James Allen, writing to Major General Andrew Russell, said it would have been better if somebody else had been placed in command once Godley had completed his training programme. But from 1914 to 1915 the alternative, for a then unknown division, would probably have been a retired British general less competent administratively and even less in touch operationally. Early in the war neither Andrew Russell nor Edward Chaytor would have been regarded as qualified for divisional command. Moreover, when questions were raised in Parliament and elsewhere about Godley and he offered to resign, Allen publicly supported him.

After the failure of the Gallipoli campaign, the New Zealand Division was sent to France in 1916 as part of Lieutenant General Birdwood's I Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. Godley, who had been promoted to lieutenant general in November 1915, was in command of II Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, to which the New Zealand Division was transferred on October 1916, after serving in the battle of the Somme.

William George Malone (1859–1915): military commander

The Wellington Battalion, which Malone commanded, landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula on 25 April. Malone immediately began to impose order. By example, determination and drive he transformed weak defences held by frightened men into ordered garrisons that dominated their Turkish opponents. He consolidated and secured the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps perimeter whenever it was threatened. The losses suffered at Helles on 8 May confirmed for him that 'this is the day of digging and machine guns and that prepared positions cannot be rushed'. As post commander at Courtney's Post and Quinn's Post between June and August, he put this into practice by consolidating a precarious position at Quinn's Post, where an advance of 20 metres by the Turks would have forced the evacuation of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

Malone fought his superiors for building material and for basic comforts for his men as fiercely as he fought the Turks. His diaries chart a growing disenchantment with impractical British regular officers and a growing love for his men. Malone would not take no for an answer, and this led to a clash of wills between him and his New Zealand Infantry Brigade commander, Colonel F.E. Johnston, and his staff. Malone survived with the support of Johnston's superiors, Major General Sir A.J. Godley, commander of the New Zealand and Australian Division, and Lieutenant General Sir William Birdwood, commanding the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

George Malone was killed during the fight for Chunuk Bair on 8 August 1915.

Read an extract from Malone's Gallipoli diary.

Paul Thomas Silva (1897–1974): soldier

In December 1914 Paul Silva enlisted as a private in the Auckland Battalion, New Zealand Infantry Brigade. He arrived in Egypt in March 1915, and on 25 April he took part in the Gallipoli landings. Three weeks later he was shot in the face and spent three days unconscious on a hospital ship. He received severe injuries to his jaw and his left eye, which was removed before he regained consciousness. He spent most of the remainder of the year recuperating in Maltese hospitals. He later became a competitive wood chopper.

Francis Morphet Twisleton (1873–1917): soldier

Francis Twisleton landed at Gallipoli on 20 May 1915. He wrote a number of private letters that provide an insight into the reality of trench warfare. Soon he adjusted to the 'very funny sort of life one leads, we burrow like rabbits and live more or less underground and do most of our work at night'.

Twisleton took part in the bloody assaults on Bauchop's Hill and Hill 60 during August 1915. In his vivid account of the second of these actions he described the roar of battle as so overpowering that he felt as though he 'was being driven into the ground by being hit on the head'. Twisleton was slightly wounded during the initial charge, and he took the opportunity afforded by a lull in the fighting to dig small pieces of shrapnel out of his leg with his pocket knife. In the aftermath of the battle for Hill 60, he commanded a post where the stench was appalling because it was partly constructed out of the bodies of Turkish soldiers. Later he wrote, 'I felt as though I could scrape the smell of dead men out of my mouth and throat and stomach in chunks.'

At the beginning of September 1915 Twisleton was evacuated from Gallipoli with severe dysentery; he did not return. For his bravery and initiative during the campaign, he was awarded the Military Cross and mentioned in dispatches.

Henare Wepiha Te Wainohu (1882–1920): chaplain

Henare Wepiha Te Wainohu was a chaplain during the Gallipoli campaign. At first there was official opposition to sending Maori troops into battle, and after months of training in Egypt and garrison duty at Malta, they were becoming restless. Eventually the Maori Contingent was sent to reinforce the New Zealand troops at Gallipoli, and they arrived in July 1915. On 6 August they were sent into battle beside their Pakeha comrades at Sari Bair. On the eve of the battle, Te Wainohu preached a sermon that was later much quoted and that formed the basis for a proverb. As well as exhorting the soldiers to be fearless in battle and not to turn their backs on the enemy, he reminded them of their duty to uphold the warrior tradition of the Maori: 'remember you have the mana, the honour and the good name of the Maori people in your keeping this night'. This appeal, in particular, gave courage to the soldiers.

Henare Te Wainohu risked his life for others on many occasions at Gallipoli. In the company of the medical officer, Major Peter Buck, he carried out the wounded, distributed water and comforted the dying – often under fire. He was wounded in the back in September 1915. After the evacuation of Gallipoli, Te Wainohu accompanied the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion, into which the contingent was now integrated, to France.

John Bryce

John Bryce (1833–1913) was born in Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand with his family in 1840. From humble origins, and self-taught, he entered local politics in 1859. In 1866 he was elected to represent Wanganui in the General Assembly. Bryce fought against Titokowaru in 1868, and was later accused of being involved in an incident at Handley's woolshed, where several young Maori boys out chasing pigs were killed or wounded.

In 1883 Bryce won a case against G.W. Rusden, who claimed in a history of New Zealand that Bryce had 'cut down' women and children 'gleefully and with ease'. Bryce sued Rusden for libel, and the case was heard in the High Court in London. Bryce claimed that he had played no part in the incident, and the verdict went against Rusden, whose book was suppressed. Bryce was also awarded £5,000 in damages, a vast sum in those days. Because Bryce felt his name was cleared by the judgment, he accepted a lesser sum to cover his costs. But it is said that some Maori still knew him as Bryce kohuru (Bryce the murderer).

Bryce was chairman of the Native Affairs Committee from 1876 to 1879 and Minister of Native Affairs from 1879 to 1884. Responding to the growing pacifist settlement at Parihaka in Taranaki, led by Te Whiti-o-Rongomai and Tohu, Bryce passed legislation enabling Maori to be imprisoned without trial.

In November 1881 he led 1,600 volunteers and Armed Constabulary to Parihaka and supervised the destruction of the settlement and the dispersal of its inhabitants. The Parihaka leaders Te Whiti and Tohu were imprisoned without trial for 16 months. Bryce later defended his actions at Parihaka, attributing the blame to Maori cultural or moral defects.

One historian has noted that Bryce's views were 'hopelessly at variance with Maori aspirations'. But although he was keen to speed the purchase of Maori land and the spread of European settlement, and severely reduced spending on Native Affairs, he also tried to cut back on wastefulness and fraud in the acquisition of land. His Native Land Sales Bill of 1880 embodied the idea that the Crown, acting as a trustee, should auction land publicly on behalf of its Maori owners. Many of Bryce's parliamentary colleagues did not support this, fearing that it would slow land sales. His Native Land Laws Amendment Act 1883 was designed to remove another source of fraud and sharp practice – it banned people from making any land dealings before the Native Land Court had determined title.

Credit:

Alexander Turnbull Library
Reference: 1/1-000058-G
Permission of the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, must be obtained before any reuse of this image.

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Treaty biographies

See short biographies of people associated with the Treaty of Waitangi. See also our biographies index page.

Further information - sport in New Zealand, 1940-60

Books

Brittenden, R.T., Great days in New Zealand cricket, Reed, Wellington, 1958
Harris, N., Lap of honour: the great moments of New Zealand athletics, Reed, Wellington, 1963
McLean, T., Great days in New Zealand rugby, Reed, Wellington, 1959
Palenski, R., and J. Romanos. Champions: New Zealand sports greats of the 20th century, Auckland, 2000
Simons, D., New Zealand’s champion sportswomen, Moa, Auckland, 1982
Smith, C.V., From N to Z, Hicks Smith & Wright, Wellington, 1947

Further information - Maori units of the NZEF

This web feature was written by Steve Watters and Monty Soutar and produced by the NZHistory.net.nz team.

Books

Michael King, Te Puea: a biography, Penguin, Auckland, 1977
Ian McGibbon (ed.), The Oxford companion to New Zealand military history, Oxford University Press, Auckland, 2000
Ian McGibbon, Gallipoli: a guide to New Zealand battlefields and memorials, Reed, Auckland, 2004
Christopher Pugsley, Te Hokowhitu a Tu: the Maori Pioneer Battalion in the First World War, Reed, Auckland, 1995
Ranginui Walker, He tipua: the life and times of Sir Apirana Ngata, Penguin, Auckland, 2001

NZHistory, New Zealand history online - biography

Kiwi stories - The Battle of Britain

Air Vice-Marshal Keith Park

Flight Lieutenant Wilfrid Clouston

Flight Lieutenant Alan Deere

Pilot Officer Michael Herrick

Archibald McIndoe

Honouring Edmund Hillary

The end of the 'big mountain days' - Ed Hillary

The early years - Ed Hillary

On top of the world: Ed Hillary

Gallipoli biographies

Some people who served at Gallipoli

Charles Mackie Begg (1879–1919): Field Ambulance supervisor

George Wallace Bollinger (1890–1917): soldier

Evelyn Gertrude Brooke (1879–1962): nurse

Alexander John Godley (1867–1957): military commander

William George Malone (1859–1915): military commander

Paul Thomas Silva (1897–1974): soldier

Francis Morphet Twisleton (1873–1917): soldier

Henare Wepiha Te Wainohu (1882–1920): chaplain

See also other people on the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography website who were involved with the Gallipoli campaign:

John Bryce

Treaty biographies

Further information - sport in New Zealand, 1940-60

Links

People from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, Volume 5

Books

Further information - Maori units of the NZEF

Links

Books