Who were the immigrants?

graph -
see table below for data

Occupation of immigrants' fathers* (%)
Date	Agriculture	Builders	Pre-industrial crafts	Industrial	White Collar
1841–52	34.6	9.1	17.4	4.2	15.9
1853–70	37.6	8.3	21.2	2.7	12.2
1871–80	31.2	8.9	22.1	5.4	6.5
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1881–90 English	25.9	7.9	21.9	6.6	15.5
1901–10 English	14.4	10.4	27	8.6	11.1
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1881–1915 Scots	27.2	8.9	24.5	9.8	7.4
1881–1915 Irish	65.2	3.9	7.2	2.8	5.5

*These figures are taken from the death certificates of British and Irish immigrants to New Zealand (which include information on the father's occupation). In other words, they indicate the family background of a migrant, but not necessarily their own occupation. The dates refer to the year the person migrated to New Zealand.

The figures and graph suggest:

The very great importance of immigrants with an agricultural background.
The large number of immigrants whose background was either in building or in pre-industrial crafts such as blacksmiths, wheel-wrights, coopers or flax-workers. Those with an agricultural or craft background were often from the same communities where people would mix some farming with traditional crafts. Good examples are the immigrants from Ulster, who combined working the land with flax-weaving and spinning; or those from Shetland who had small crofts, but also spent some of the year fishing.
The low numbers of immigrants from an industrial background who remained below 10% throughout the 19th century.
The significant number of migrants in the 1840s from a white collar background.
The Irish were even more disproportionately of a farming background than those from Scotland and England.

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